fond superieur orchidée

Rempotage d’une orchidée

Quels pots choisir ?

Lorsque vous choisissez un pot, pour le rempotage, n’oubliez pas qu’il n’y a pas que le diamètre, mais aussi le volume de rétention d’eau, qui compte.

Il n’y a pas que le volume de compost utilisé qui importe, mais aussi le volume d’eau que la plante va pouvoir absorber après l’arrosage.

Un pot de 14 cm de diamètre va retenir plus d’eau en terme de durée, mais aussi en terme de quantité qu’un pot de  8,5 cm de diamètre, même si le compost est différent.

Le risque que vous faites prendre à votre orchidée est le sur-arrosage entrainant maladies, parasites, et pourriture pour finalement arriver à la mort de l’orchidée.

Voici quelques exemples :

  • Un pot de 12 cm de diamètre à un volume moyen de 0,75L
  • Un pot de 13 cm de diamètre ou de 15 cm à un volume moyen de 1,2 L ou 1, 5L
  • Un pot de 17 cm de diamètre à un volume moyen de 2L

Comme vous pouvez le constater : une petite différence de diamètre provoque une variation considérable de volume.

Pots plastique ou pot en terre ?

On privilégie de manière générale les pots en plastiques de préférence transparents, surtout pour les plantes épiphytes.

Les pots en terre cuite sont désormais peu utilisés pour la culture des orchidées.

Cela provoquait une destruction d’une partie du système racinaire, qui restait collé sur les parois du pot, malgré toutes les précautions prises lors du rempotage.

Avantage des pots plastique transparents

Ils sont intéressants pour plusieurs raisons.

  • On peut surveiller facilement, si la plante a besoin d’eau ou pas.
  • Si les racines sont bien vertes et foncées : pas besoin d’arroser.
  • On peut également surveiller l’état des racines et du compost.

Pourquoi le rempotage est-il nécessaire ?

Le rempotage est une opération obligatoire, sauf pour les orchidées cultivées sur plaque ou sur bûche.

Le vieillissement du substrat (compost) ne peut lui permet plus de jouer son rôle.

L’orchidée sympodiale déborde de son pot, alors que pour la monopodiale, c’est son système racinaire qui l’étouffe : cela empêche une bonne croissance.

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Le rempotage est donc indispensable, pour que la plante puisse grandir dans les meilleures conditions possibles.

Période de rempotage

Pour des orchidées monopodiales

Le rempotage peut se faire quasiment toute l’année en évitant la période hivernale, car la reprise sera plus difficile, la croissance étant ralentie par le manque de lumière.

Pour des orchidées sympodiales

Le rempotage devra se faire lorsque la végétation aura recommencée (nouvelles racines, nouvelles feuilles).

Si les nouvelles racines sont plus longues, vous risquez de les casser lors du rempotage.

On peut également surveiller l’état des racines et du compost.

Les racines cherchent moins à sortir du pot, car la luminosité est suffisante.

Comment rempoter ?

Dans un premier temps, il faut arroser la plante la veille, pour que les racines soit moins cassantes.

Puis, dépotez la plante en faisant attention de ne pas abîmer les racines.

Si la plante est dans un pot en terre, casser celui-ci lorsque les racines adhèrent aux parois.

Dans un second temps, enlever la totalité du substrat et nettoyer les racines, c’est-à-dire, couper à l’aide d’un sécateur stérilisé les racines sèches, pourries, ou en mauvais état.

Coupez la hampe florale desséchée

Sur un Phaelaenopsis (Doritis, Doritaenopsis,…), on peut couper la hampe au deuxième ou troisième œil en partant des feuilles, sauf pour les Phalaenosis botaniques !

Tout dépend de l’état des racines, si elles ne sont pas très belles, couper la hampe à ras, cela évitera de fatiguer la plante.

Si vous avez plusieurs plantes à rempoter, il faut désinfecter le sécateur entre chaque orchidée avec une flamme.

Ensuite, prendre un pot plastique transparent de préférence, qui fasse 2cm de diamètre de plus que le précédent (si votre pot faisait 12 cm de diamètre, il faudra prendre un pot qui fasse 14 cm de diamètre).

Avant de mettre le compost dans le pot, il faut l’humidifier un peu.

Pour les monopodiales, positionner la plante en son centre, en tuteurant au besoin, pour la stabiliser.

Pour  les sympodiales, mettre les anciens pseudo-bulbes contre la paroi du pot, sauf s’il y a un nouveau départ végétatif, pour que les nouveaux puissent croître au milieu de celui-ci.

C’est souvent l’occasion de séparer la motte, lorsque celle-ci est imposante (si il y a coupure, il faudra laisser complètement cicatriser les plaies avant la mise en pot).

Remplir partiellement le pot de substrat afin que le collet de plante arrive au niveau du pot.

Remplir le pot de substrat en tapotant légèrement pour le faire descendre autour et entre les racines.

Appuyez sur le compost pour qu’il maintienne bien la plante et tuteurez-la si nécessaire (comme par exemple les Cattleya).

Les racines blessées ou coupées peuvent être désinfectées avec du charbon de bois, non traité (pas celui pour les barbecues).

Pour certaines orchidées, comme les Paphiopedilum, il faut y ajouter de la dolomie (calcaire).

Si, lors de cette opération, vous vous trouvez en présence de pourriture sur les racines ou de cochenilles, voici des solutions simples :

Cas de moisissure des racines

Traitement avec un fongicide (pulvérisation, trempage).

Attention à ne pas pulvériser sur les fleurs, si des cochenilles s’y trouvent, retirez-les à l’aide du coton-tige.

Ce traitement se déroule sur un mois, à raison d’une fois par semaine, il peut également être utilisé en prévention.

Ceci n’est en aucun cas nocif pour la plante, c’est une méthode tout à fait naturelle.

Si malgré tout, si cela persiste, il faudra utiliser un moyen moins naturel.

Soins après rempotage

Lorsque vous avez rempoté, vous avez coupé ou peut-être blessé les racines de votre orchidée, il est important de ne pas arroser durant 2 à 3 semaines environs, pour la cicatrisation des plaies, idem pour l’engrais, cela pour éviter tout risque de pourriture.

Pour pallier au manque d’arrosage, vous devrez pulvériser la surface du substrat, ainsi que le dessous des feuilles tous les jours, le matin de préférence,  pour maintenir l’humidité, cela favorisera la croissance de la plante.

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